Diseño y validación mediante el método Delphi de un cuestionario para conocer los criterios del jugador de baloncesto cuando penetra hacia la canasta / Desenho e validação através do método Delphi de um questionário para conhecer os critérios do jogador de basquete quando ele penetra em direção ao cesto / Design and validation by Delphi method of a questionnaire to determine the criteria of a basketball player when he drives

Uno de los elementos que más determinan el rendimiento en el jugador de baloncesto es su capacidad de toma de decisiones. Por ello, es necesario ampliar los estudios que permitan entender esta capacidad. El objetivo de esta investigación fue construir y validar un cuestionario que permitiese conocer los Criterios del Jugador de Baloncesto cuando Penetra hacia la Canasta (CJB-PEC). Después de llevar a cabo una revisión de la literatura por parte de los investigadores y de sostener una mesa de discusión, se procedió a la creación de tres dimensiones y 24 ítems para el cuestionario. Posteriormente, se seleccionó a un grupo de 10 diez expertos en el objeto de estudio de esta investigación, los cuales colaboraron vía remota por correo electrónico en la evaluación cuantitativa y cualitativa del instrumento. Con el método Delphi en la primera versión tras obtener los valores medios de 10 expertos en univocidad, pertinencia e importancia a través del coeficiente de V de Aiken (0.75), con intervalos de confianza (IC) al 90% y nivel crítico al 0.70, se encontró que: la pregunta 20 no alcanzó el valor mínimo en la V de Aiken. Las preguntas 4,5,12,13,16, 20 en univocidad, la 12,18,19,20,21,24 en pertinencia, la 7,12,16, 18,19,20,21,24en importancia y la 12,18,19,20,24 en valor total no alcanzaron el nivel crítico. Con los resultados y observaciones de los expertos se modificó y construyó la segunda versión del cuestionario. Ésta tuvo 24 ítems, eliminándose las preguntas 4 y 20, reformulándose las preguntas por debajo del nivel crítico al 0.70 y agregándose 2 preguntas. Esta versión pasó a una segunda ronda con los expertos y consiguió valores superiores a 0.75 en la V de Aiken en todas las preguntas, con IC al 90%. Ninguna preguntaestuvo por debajo del nivel crítico al 0.70...(AU)

One of the elements that most determines the performance of a basketball player is their decision-making ability. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the studies that allow us to understand this capacity. The objective of this research was to construct and validate a questionnaire that would allow us to understand the Criteria of the Basketball Player when Penetrating to the Basket (CJB-PEC). After conducting a literature review by the researchers and holding a discussion, we proceeded to create three dimensions and 24 items for the questionnaire. Subsequently, a group of 10 experts in the subject of this research was selected, and they collaborated remotely via email in the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the instrument. Using the Delphi method in the first version, after obtaining the mean values from 10 experts in clarity, relevance, and importance through the Aiken's V coefficient (0.75), with confidence intervals (CI) at90% and a critical level at 0.70, itwas found that: question 20 did notreach the minimum value in Aiken's V. Questions 4, 5, 12, 13, 16, 20 in clarity, questions 12, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24 in relevance, questions 7, 12, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24 in importance, and questions 12, 18, 19, 20, 24 in the total value did not reach the critical level. Based on the results and expert observations, the second version of the questionnaire was modified and constructed. This version had 24 items, with questions 4 and 20 removed, questions reformulated below the critical level of 0.70, and 2 newquestions added. This versionwent through a second round with the experts and achieved values above 0.75 in Aiken's V for all questions, with a 90% CI. No question was below the critical level of 0.70...(AU)

Um dos elementos que mais determina o desempenho de um jogador de basquetebol é a sua capacidade de tomar decisões. Assim, torna-se necessário expandir os estudos que nos permitam compreender essa capacidade. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi construir e validar um questionário para avaliar os Critérios do Jogador de Basquetebol ao Penetrar na Cesto (CJB-PEC). Após a realização de uma revisão da literatura pelos investigadores e uma discussão, procedemos à criação de três dimensões e 24 itens para o questionário. Posteriormente, foi selecionado um grupo de 10 especialistas no assunto desta pesquisa, que colaboraram remotamente por e-mail na avaliação quantitativa e qualitativa do instrumento. Usando o método Delphi na primeira versão, após obter os valores médios de 10 especialistas em clareza, relevância e importância por meio do coeficiente V de Aiken (0.75), com intervalos de confiança (IC) a 90% e um nível crítico de 0.70, constatou-se que: a pergunta 20 não atingiu o valor mínimo no V de Aiken. Asperguntas 4, 5, 12, 13, 16, 20 em clareza, as perguntas 12, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24 em relevância, as perguntas 7, 12, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24 em importância e as perguntas 12, 18, 19, 20, 24 no valor total não atingiram o nível crítico. Com base nos resultados e observações dos especialistas, o questionário passou por uma modificação e construção da sua segunda versão. Essa versão continha 24 itens, com as perguntas 4 e 20 removidas, as perguntas reformuladas abaixo do nível crítico de 0.70 e 2 novas perguntas adicionadas. Esta versão passou por uma segunda rodada com os especialistas e alcançou valores acima de 0.75 no V de Aiken para todas as perguntas, com um IC de 90%. Nenhuma pergunta ficou abaixo do nível crítico de 0.70...(AU)

Fin type and flutter technique: a study to optimise the oxygen consumption in divers.

The purpose of this research was to assess the variability of the oxygen consumption (VO2) depending on fin type and the flutter technique used for the different divers' profile. Twenty-three SCUBA divers took part in four 2.5 hour sessions to evaluate a total of six fin models and two flutter techniques. The flutter routines lasted 30 minutes per fin and per technique. Measurements of VO2 significantly decreased on Jet (20.42 ml*min-1*kg-1) and XShot fin (20.87 ml*min-1*kg-1) compared to Twin Jet fin (22.81 ml, p < 0.05). In addition, the VO2 was in all cases higher in certified divers than in professional divers (23.87 and 19.00 ml*min-1*kg-1, p = 0.00). These differences were significant between divers' profile and flutter technique (p < 0.05). Similarly, measurements of VO2 were higher in frog kick technique than crawl kick technique (22.97 ml*min-1*kg-1 and 19.96 ml*min-1*kg-1, p = 0.00). These differences were significant between fin type and flutter technique in all fins (p = 0.03). Practitioner summary: This study investigated the impact of fin type, flutter technique and divers' profile on VO2 during diving. Results of this research suggest that combination a diving different factors significantly impacts the divers' VO2, thus providing new perspective for election of fin type and flutter technique according to the divers' profile.

Effects of a moderate-to-high intensity resistance circuit training on fat mass, functional capacity, muscular strength, and quality of life in elderly: A randomized controlled trial.

Physical exercise is considered an important intervention for promoting well-being and healthy aging. The objective was to determine the effects of moderate-to-high intensity resistance circuit training on different parameters of body composition, functional autonomy, muscular strength and quality of life in elderly. A randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 45 subjects (27 females, 18 males) aged between 65-75 years old from Murcia (Spain) were divided by sex, and randomly to experimental group (n = 33, mean age 69 ± 3.2 years old) receiving 12 weeks of moderate-to-high intensity resistance circuit training and control group (n = 33, mean age 70 ± 4.1 years old) receiving no exercise intervention. Intra-group comparison, the experimental group showed a significant increment of lean body mass in women and men, which also presented a decrease of fat mass. Both sex presented a significant improve in functional autonomy, and significately higher values of muscular strength. But no changes were observed regarding quality of life in these groups. The control group did not show any differences pre and post-intervention in women, but in men presented an increment of body mass index and total weight post-intervention. No changes were showed in the other variables. Similar results were founded at inter-group comparison. The moderate-to-high intensity resistance circuit training showed increase in total lean body mass, improvements in functional capacity and significantly increase in upper and lower muscular strength in women and men. Progressive resistance circuit training should be promoted for the elderly as it has the potential to improve physical performance, thereby prolonging healthy independent aging.